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項目管理中，計量benift的observable，measurable，quantifiable，financial，有什么區別？
1、Financial: A financial benefit can be confidently allocated in advance of the project. Thus if the investment will save $90,000 per year in staff costs then this is a financial benefit.如果這項投資每年將節省9萬美元的員工成本，那么這就是一項經濟效益。
2、Quantifiable: A quantifiable benefit is a benefit where there is sufficient credible evidence to suggest, in advance, how much benefit will result from the project. This benefit may be financial or non-financial. For example, energy savings from a new building might be credibly predicted in advance. However, the exact amount of savings cannot be accurately forecast. 可量化的效益是指有足夠可信的證據預先表明該項目將產生多少效益的效益。這種好處可能是經濟上的，也可能是非經濟上的。例如，新建筑的節能可能會提前得到可靠的預測。但是，無法準確預測節省的確切數額。
3、Measurable benefit: A measurable benefit is a benefit which can only be confidently assessed post-implementation, and so cannot be reliably predicted in advance. Increase in sales from a particular initiative is an example of a measurable benefit. Measurable benefits may either be financial or non-financial. 可衡量的效益是只有在實施后才能確定地評估的效益，因此不能可靠地預先預測。一個特別的計劃帶來的銷售增長就是一個可以衡量的收益的例子。可衡量的利益可以是財務上的，也可以是非財務上的。
4、Observable benefit: An observable benefit is a benefit which a specific individual or group will decide, using agreed criteria, has been realised or not. Such benefits are usually non-financial. Improved staff morale might be an example of an observable benefit. 是由特定的個人或群體根據商定的標準決定是否實現的利益。這些福利通常是非財務方面的。提高員工士氣可能是一個明顯好處的例子。
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