F1知識(shí)點(diǎn)：平等機(jī)會(huì)（Equal Opportunities）

　　機(jī)會(huì)平等又稱機(jī)會(huì)均等，是一種理想狀態(tài)。指的是人們?cè)谕瑯拥目荚嚮蛘呙嬖囍芯哂邢嗤馁Y格而不會(huì)因?yàn)橥庠诘目陀^因素而導(dǎo)致機(jī)會(huì)的缺失。

　　平等的機(jī)會(huì)是一個(gè)普遍使用和理解的術(shù)語(yǔ)，它描述了一個(gè)組織中的每個(gè)人都應(yīng)該有一個(gè)平等的機(jī)會(huì)去申請(qǐng)和選擇職位，培訓(xùn)或晉升。雇主只能在能力、經(jīng)驗(yàn)或潛力的基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)行區(qū)分和選擇。所有的決定都是基于個(gè)人的能力，不應(yīng)考慮一個(gè)人的性別、年齡、種族來(lái)源、殘疾或婚姻狀況。

　　Equal employment opportunities exist when there is no unfair discrimination （against gender, colour, ethnic origin, disability, orientation, religion and age） in relation to：

　　．a(chǎn)ccess to jobs；

　　．employment terms and conditions；

　　．promotion prospects；

　　．training opportunities；

　　．remuneration； or

　　．termination of employment.

　　Employers should only take into account ability, experience and potential when deciding who the best person is for a position, unless it is obvious that a particular individual is required for the position （e.g. a female nurse dealing with female patients）。

　　In some cases, managers can be confused between the ideas and requirements of equal opportunities and the more up-to-date idea of managing diversity. In many ways laying down policies and procedures to ensure that discrimination is eliminated from the workplace is admirable, desirable and indeed good for business.

　　The new generation of managers regard the quality of their employees as the distinguishing feature of a successful organisation. People are the single sustainable source of competitive advantage - high performance through the development of people is essential if organisations are to remain viable and competitive.

　　The promotion of equal opportunities makes good business sense. Equal opportunities are promoted as a key component of good management as well as being a legal requirement. It is also socially desirable and morally right.

　　Managing diversity on the other hand expands the horizons beyond equality issues and builds on recognised approaches to equal opportunities. It adds new impetus to the development of equal opportunities and creates an environment in which enhanced contributions from all employees works to the advantage of the business, employees themselves and society generally.

　　It offers an opportunity for organisations to develop a workforce to meet business goals and to improve approaches to customer care. Managing diversity is about having the right person for the job regardless of sex, race or religion.

　　Essentially the management of diversity is a quality assurance approach. It helps identify hidden organisational barriers, which make it more difficult for people who are perceived as being different from the majority of their colleagues to succeed and develop careers.

　　It also helps to effect cultural change and to create an environment in which people from all backgrounds can work together harmoniously. The management of diversity combats prejudice, stereotyping, harassment and undignified behaviour.