公司治理之利益相關者-Stakeholder（二）

　　P1考試：Stakeholder

　　3.相關利益者風險

　　Shareholder 股東

　　Impact of Risk：Decrease in wealth through lower share price and dividend income. Potential for takeover or liquidation.

　　Directors 董事

　　Impact of Risk：Loss of reputation, loss of compensation related to performance, criminal or civil proceedings if risk event was caused by a direct result of their illegal actions （e.g. bribery, fraud, money laundering）.

　　Managers 經理

　　As above plus loss of promotion possibilities. In addition they may　become demotivated due to poor performance of the business unit or　function in which they work. May result in further risk as manager　pursues own interests or seeks employment elsewhere.

　　Employees 員工

　　Similar to above. May be higher exposure to health and safety issues. For all employees, ultimate impact will be loss of employment.

　　Customers 顧客

　　Possible impacts include loss of after-sales service, warranties, lower quality of goods and service, loss of supplier.

　　Suppliers 供貨商

　　Loss of contract to supply customer, potential bad debts, need to extend credit terms （effect on cash flows）, lawsuit from customer.

　　Government 政府

　　Possible effects include loss of tax revenue （profits, VAT and employee）,  increase in economic support to the entity,  statutory redundancy payments and increase in unemployment benefits （both direct and　indirect through the multiplier-effect on suppliers and customers）.

　　Banks 銀行

　　Bad debt risk （non-payment of loan and interest）, reduced value of　collateral （may result in margin calls, for example）. In some cases　may increase the entity's requirement for capital.