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Inventor of LED LED的發明者

　　When Nick Holonyak set out to create a new kind of visible lighting using semiconductor alloys, his colleagues thought he was unrealistic．Today, his discovery of light-emitting diodes, or LEDs, are used in everything from DVDs to alarm clocks to airports．Dozens of his students have continued his work, developing lighting used in traffic lights and other everyday technology．

　　On April 23, 2004, Holonyak received the $500,000 Lemelson-MIT Prize at a ceremony in Washington．This marks the 1Oth year that the Lemelson-MIT Program at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology(MIT) has given the award to prominent inventors．

　　“Anytime you get an award, big or little, it’s always a surprise．”Holonyak said．

　　Holonyak, 75, was a student of John Bardeen, an inventor of the transistor, in the early 1950s. After graduate school, Holonyak worked at Ben Labs．He later went to General Electric, where he invented a switch now widely used in house dimmer switches．

　　Later, Holonyak started 1ooking into how semiconductors could be used to generate 1ight. But while his colleagues were 1ooking at how to generate invisible light, he wanted to generate visible light. The LEDS he invented in 1962 now last about 10 times longer than incandescent bulbs, and are more environmentally friendly and cost effective．

　　Holonyak, now a professor of electrical and computer engineering and physics at the University of Illinois, said he suspected that LEDs would become as commonplace as they are today, but didn’t realize how many uses they would have．

　　“You don’t know in the beginning．YOU think you’re doing something important．you think it’s worth doing, but you really can’t tell what the big payoff is going to be, and when, and how．You just don’t know, ”he said．

　　The Lemelson-MIT Program also recognized Edith Flanigen, 75, with the $100,000 Lemelson-MIT Lifetime Achievement Award for her work on a new generation of “molecular sieves, ”that can separate molecules by size．

　　譯文：

　　當Nick Holonyak著手用半導體合金創造一種新的可視照明設備的時候，同事們都認為他不現實。今天，他發現的發光二極管，或叫LED，使用范圍覆蓋從DVD到機場警鐘的一切東西。他的許多學生繼續著他的工作，發明了交通燈中使用的照明設備和其他的日用技術。

　　2004年4月23號，Holonyak在華盛頓的一次典禮上被授予麻省理工Lemelson項目的50萬美元的獎金。這是麻省理工的Lemelson—MIT項目第十年頒獎給杰出的發明人。

　　“任何時候你得了獎，不論是大是小，總是一分驚喜，”Holonyak說。

　　Holonyak，75歲，是上世紀50年代初期晶體管的發明者John Bardeen的學生。從研究生院畢業之后，Holonyak在Bell實驗室工作。之后去了通用電器公司，在那里他發明了一種開關，現在在家用減光開關中普遍使用。

　　后來，Holonyak開始研究如何應用半導體發電。當他的同事們正在研究如何發出看不見的光時，他卻想要看得見的光。1962年他發明的LED，現在的持續時間可以比白熾燈泡長十倍，對環境要求更少，更有效。

　　Holonyak現在是伊利諾斯大學電子、計算機工程和物理專業的教授，他說他預測LED的使用有可能像今天這樣普遍，但沒有意識到它會有多少用途。

　　“開始的時候你并不知道，你認為你在做一件很重要的事情，你認為它值得做，但是你不能說出要付出多大的代價，什么時候付出，怎樣付出。你并不知道，”他說。

　　Lemelson—MIT項目同樣授予75歲的Edith Flanigen 10萬美元的終身成就獎，她的工作是創造新一代的“分子篩”，也就是可以通過大小來分離分子。

　　練習：

　　1).Holonyak’s colleagues thought he would fail in his research on LEDs at the time when he started it．

　　A．Right

　　2).Holonyak believed that his students that were working with him on the project would get the Lemelson-MIT Prize sooner or later．

　　C．Not mentioned

　　3).Holonyak was the inventor of the transistor in the early 1950s．

　　B．Wrong

　　4).Holonyak believed that LEDs would become very popular in the future．

　　A．Right

　　5).Holonyak said that you should not do anything you are not interested in．

　　C．Not mentioned

　　6).Edith Flanigen is the only co-inventor of LEDs．

　　C．Not mentioned

　　7).The Lemelson-MIT Prize has a history of over 100 years．

　　B．Wrong

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