ACCA 考試 revenue recognition

收入是財務報表中的重要項目，也是F7考試的一個熱點項目，收入的確認又是其重中之重，本篇文章總結了收入確認的條件。

PRINCIPLES UNDERPINNING RECOGNITION OF REVENUE

IAS 18 outlines the recognition principles in three parts:

1. Sale of goods:

Revenue is recognised when all the following conditions have been satisfied (2):

(a) The seller has transferred the significant risks and rewards of ownership of the goods to the buyer.

(b) The seller does not retain control over the goods or managerial involvement with them to the degree usually associated with ownership.

(c) The amount of revenue can be measured reliably.

(d) It is probable that the economic benefits associated with the transaction will flow to the seller

(e) The costs incurred or to be incurred by the seller in respect of the transaction can be measured reliably.

2. Provision of services:

As stated above, there is a different approach taken to the recognition of revenue from the provision of services. IAS 18 states that ‘where the outcome of a transaction involving the rendering of services can be estimated reliably, associated revenue should be recognised by reference to the stage of completion of the transaction at the end of the reporting period’ (3). In other words, the revenue is recognised gradually, rather than all at one ‘critical point’, as is the case for revenue from the sale of goods. IAS 18 further states that the outcome of a transaction can be estimated reliably when all the following conditions are satisfied (3):

(a) The amount of revenue can be measured reliably.

(b) It is probable that the economic benefits associated with the transaction will flow to the seller.

(c) The stage of completion of the transaction at the end of the reporting period can be measured reliably.

(d) The costs incurred to date for the transaction and the costs to complete the transaction can be measured reliably.

3. Interest, royalties and dividends

IAS 18 states that entities should recognise revenue from the use of their assets yielding interest, royalties and dividends when:

(a) It is probable that the economic benefits associated with the transaction will flow to the entity.

(b) The amount of the revenue can be measured reliably.

The exact basis for the recognition of revenue from the use by others of the ‘seller’s’ assets depends on the type of transaction :

(a) Interest revenue should be recognised on the ‘effective interest’ basis.

(b) Royalties should be recognised on an accruals basis in accordance with amounts receivable as a result of ‘asset use’ up to the reporting date.

(c) Dividend revenue should be recognised when the right to receive payment is established. Often this does not happen in the case of dividends until the shareholder actually receives the dividend.